General-purpose LLMs frequently produce plausible-sounding hallucinations when answering complex statutory legal questions. In legal tech, accuracy and exact section citations are paramount.
1. Hybrid Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) Architecture
Standard vector-only semantic search often misses exact section numbers (e.g., Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act vs. Section 420 of IPC). By combining dense vector embeddings with sparse BM25 lexical keyword scoring through Reciprocal Rank Fusion (RRF), retrieval accuracy for legal queries improves by over 34%.
2. Structural Chunking of Statutory Codes & Case Law
Legal documents cannot be split by arbitrary token lengths without losing statutory context. Chunking strategies must respect structural document hierarchies—preserving parent Act titles, chapter headings, section numbers, sub-clauses, and proviso conditions intact.
3. Hallucination Guardrails & Strict Citation Enforcement
To prevent inaccurate guidance, responses pass through a secondary validation layer that checks generated text against retrieved statutory sources before streaming output to the user UI.